Ludwig van Beethoven: Sonaten №20 Op. 49, No. 2

Ludwig van Beethoven: Sonaten №20 Op. 49, No. 2

This sonata is a relatively simple work, less refined than most other piano sonatas. Surprisingly, there are no dynamic indications in the autograph and first edition. It is considered to be the lighter of the two ‘light sonatas’ and also the simplest of all Beethoven's piano sonatas

The first movement involves two themes, starting with a stately theme based heavily on a G major triad and moving on to a more playful and lively second theme in D major, also based on the triad of D major. Both themes undergo only minimal development in the keys of D minor, A minor, and E minor before the recapitulation with the themes presented in the tonic G major and its subdominant C major, making for a simplified sonata form. The work features, for the pianist, extreme triplet technique in both hands and the balance between the hands is most critical.

The second movement of the Piano Sonata No. 20 shares a melodic theme with the Minuet of the Op. 20 Septet. Because the Septet was the later piece (1799–1800), Beethoven's suppression of the sonata and reuse of one of its themes suggests that he perhaps planned to scrap the piano work altogether. But the composer was known to recycle melodies, in some instances several times (for example, the Eroica Variations). This movement is cast in the form of a rondo, with the main rondo theme being, essentially, a minuet; the minuet features a charming melody that, along with its accompanying material, is repeated several times, varying somewhat in appearance, but remaining simple and unsophisticated.

Debussy Claude: Golliwogg's Cakewalk (from Children's Corner)

Debussy Claude: Golliwogg's Cakewalk (from Children's Corner)

Debussy, before other serious composers, began to use new dances and music-hall rhythms in his work. According to I. V. Nesteev: "This is one of the first attempts to embody in a serious genre the infectious element of Negro dance and everyday music of the pre-jazzˮ period.

This number is also known for the deliberate quotation in the middle section of the love theme (tristan chord) from R. Wagner's opera Tristan und Isolde. Having become a kind of Wagnerian slogan in its time, this motif in Debussy sounds like a witty joke.

The theme from Tristan, accompanied by the author's remark “with great feeling”, appears surrounded by chords that seem to imitate laughter. It is well known that Debussy had previously been a great admirer of Wagner's music, but later grew cold to it, a fact he repeatedly expressed in his critical articles and interviews. According to popular legend, Debussy told the pianist Harold Bauer (an ardent Wagnerian) that he could make him laugh at Wagner in public. Bauer was utterly bewildered, but after playing the suite, Debussy pointed out to the pianist fragments from “A Doll's Cack-Walk”, where a quotation of a motif from “Tristan und Isolde” is followed by music imitating laughter. As Kremlev Y. A. notes, this legend is reported by N. L. Slonimsky in his book “The road to music” (The road to music): “and we must admit that it agrees well with our ideas about Debussy's humor in general.” According to another version, the composer said nothing to Bauer about the Wagner quote and he learned about it from musicological literature in the 1930s.

Debussy recorded “Puppet Cac-uoc” in his own performance on a Pleyel mechanical piano tape.